In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Add preempt_count_{sub,add} into btf id deny list

The recursion check in __bpf_prog_enter* and __bpf_prog_exit*
leave preempt_count_{sub,add} unprotected. When attaching trampoline to
them we get panic as follows,

[ 867.843050] BUG: TASK stack guard page was hit at 0000000009d325cf (stack is 0000000046a46a15..00000000537e7b28)
[ 867.843064] stack guard page: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI
[ 867.843067] CPU: 8 PID: 11009 Comm: trace Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.2.0+ #4
[ 867.843100] Call Trace:
[ 867.843101] <TASK>
[ 867.843104] asm_exc_int3+0x3a/0x40
[ 867.843108] RIP: 0010:preempt_count_sub+0x1/0xa0
[ 867.843135] __bpf_prog_enter_recur+0x17/0x90
[ 867.843148] bpf_trampoline_6442468108_0+0x2e/0x1000
[ 867.843154] ? preempt_count_sub+0x1/0xa0
[ 867.843157] preempt_count_sub+0x5/0xa0
[ 867.843159] ? migrate_enable+0xac/0xf0
[ 867.843164] __bpf_prog_exit_recur+0x2d/0x40
[ 867.843168] bpf_trampoline_6442468108_0+0x55/0x1000
...
[ 867.843788] preempt_count_sub+0x5/0xa0
[ 867.843793] ? migrate_enable+0xac/0xf0
[ 867.843829] __bpf_prog_exit_recur+0x2d/0x40
[ 867.843837] BUG: IRQ stack guard page was hit at 0000000099bd8228 (stack is 00000000b23e2bc4..000000006d95af35)
[ 867.843841] BUG: IRQ stack guard page was hit at 000000005ae07924 (stack is 00000000ffd69623..0000000014eb594c)
[ 867.843843] BUG: IRQ stack guard page was hit at 00000000028320f0 (stack is 00000000034b6438..0000000078d1bcec)
[ 867.843842] bpf_trampoline_6442468108_0+0x55/0x1000
...

That is because in __bpf_prog_exit_recur, the preempt_count_{sub,add} are
called after prog->active is decreased.

Fixing this by adding these two functions into btf ids deny list.

No CVSS v4.0

Attack Vector Local

Attack Complexity Low

Privileges Required Low

Scope Unchanged

Confidentiality Impact None

Integrity Impact None

Availability Impact High

User Interaction None

No CVSS v3.0

No CVSS v2

This CVE is not in the KEV list.

The EPSS score is 0.00025.

Key SSVC decision points have not yet been added.

Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).

Vendor Product Default status Versions
Linux Linux unaffected
Version Status Constraints
35e3815fa8102fab4dee75f3547472c66581125d affected < 095018267c87b8bfbbb12eeb1c0ebf2359e1782c
35e3815fa8102fab4dee75f3547472c66581125d affected < 60039bf72f81638baa28652a11a68e9b0b7b5b2d
35e3815fa8102fab4dee75f3547472c66581125d affected < b9168d41b83d182f34ba927ee822edaee18d5fc8
35e3815fa8102fab4dee75f3547472c66581125d affected < c11bd046485d7bf1ca200db0e7d0bdc4bafdd395
f5e770c0c60ab8812574a2e0d163b0efa816a825 affected —
Linux Linux affected
Version Status Constraints
5.13 affected —
0 unaffected < 5.13
5.15.113 unaffected ≤ 5.15.*
6.1.30 unaffected ≤ 6.1.*
6.3.4 unaffected ≤ 6.3.*
6.4 unaffected ≤ *

No data.

No data.

No data.

Project Subscriptions

Vendors Products
Linux Subscribe
Linux Kernel Subscribe
Advisories

No advisories yet.

Fixes

Solution

No solution given by the vendor.

Workaround

No workaround given by the vendor.

References
Link Providers
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/095018267c87b8bfbbb12eeb1c0ebf2359e1782c cve-icon cve-icon
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/60039bf72f81638baa28652a11a68e9b0b7b5b2d cve-icon cve-icon
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b9168d41b83d182f34ba927ee822edaee18d5fc8 cve-icon cve-icon
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c11bd046485d7bf1ca200db0e7d0bdc4bafdd395 cve-icon cve-icon
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025122405-CVE-2023-54086-d696@gregkh/T cve-icon
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54086 cve-icon
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54086 cve-icon
History

Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References
Metrics threat_severity

None

 cvssV3_1

{'score': 5.5, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H'}

threat_severity

Low

Wed, 24 Dec 2025 13:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Add preempt_count_{sub,add} into btf id deny list The recursion check in __bpf_prog_enter* and __bpf_prog_exit* leave preempt_count_{sub,add} unprotected. When attaching trampoline to them we get panic as follows, [ 867.843050] BUG: TASK stack guard page was hit at 0000000009d325cf (stack is 0000000046a46a15..00000000537e7b28) [ 867.843064] stack guard page: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI [ 867.843067] CPU: 8 PID: 11009 Comm: trace Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.2.0+ #4 [ 867.843100] Call Trace: [ 867.843101] <TASK> [ 867.843104] asm_exc_int3+0x3a/0x40 [ 867.843108] RIP: 0010:preempt_count_sub+0x1/0xa0 [ 867.843135] __bpf_prog_enter_recur+0x17/0x90 [ 867.843148] bpf_trampoline_6442468108_0+0x2e/0x1000 [ 867.843154] ? preempt_count_sub+0x1/0xa0 [ 867.843157] preempt_count_sub+0x5/0xa0 [ 867.843159] ? migrate_enable+0xac/0xf0 [ 867.843164] __bpf_prog_exit_recur+0x2d/0x40 [ 867.843168] bpf_trampoline_6442468108_0+0x55/0x1000 ... [ 867.843788] preempt_count_sub+0x5/0xa0 [ 867.843793] ? migrate_enable+0xac/0xf0 [ 867.843829] __bpf_prog_exit_recur+0x2d/0x40 [ 867.843837] BUG: IRQ stack guard page was hit at 0000000099bd8228 (stack is 00000000b23e2bc4..000000006d95af35) [ 867.843841] BUG: IRQ stack guard page was hit at 000000005ae07924 (stack is 00000000ffd69623..0000000014eb594c) [ 867.843843] BUG: IRQ stack guard page was hit at 00000000028320f0 (stack is 00000000034b6438..0000000078d1bcec) [ 867.843842] bpf_trampoline_6442468108_0+0x55/0x1000 ... That is because in __bpf_prog_exit_recur, the preempt_count_{sub,add} are called after prog->active is decreased. Fixing this by adding these two functions into btf ids deny list.
Title bpf: Add preempt_count_{sub,add} into btf id deny list
First Time appeared Linux
Linux linux Kernel
CPEs cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendors & Products Linux
Linux linux Kernel
References

Projects

Sign in to view the affected projects.

cve-icon MITRE

Status: PUBLISHED

Assigner: Linux

Published:

Updated: 2026-01-05T10:33:42.199Z

Reserved: 2025-12-24T13:02:52.515Z

Link: CVE-2023-54086

cve-icon Vulnrichment

No data.

cve-icon NVD

Status : Awaiting Analysis

Published: 2025-12-24T13:16:10.453

Modified: 2025-12-29T15:58:34.503

Link: CVE-2023-54086

cve-icon Redhat

Severity : Low

Publid Date: 2025-12-24T00:00:00Z

Links: CVE-2023-54086 - Bugzilla

cve-icon OpenCVE Enrichment

No data.

Weaknesses

No weakness.