In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

exfat: use kvmalloc_array/kvfree instead of kmalloc_array/kfree

The call stack shown below is a scenario in the Linux 4.19 kernel.
Allocating memory failed where exfat fs use kmalloc_array due to
system memory fragmentation, while the u-disk was inserted without
recognition.
Devices such as u-disk using the exfat file system are pluggable and
may be insert into the system at any time.
However, long-term running systems cannot guarantee the continuity of
physical memory. Therefore, it's necessary to address this issue.

Binder:2632_6: page allocation failure: order:4,
mode:0x6040c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_COMP), nodemask=(null)
Call trace:
[242178.097582] dump_backtrace+0x0/0x4
[242178.097589] dump_stack+0xf4/0x134
[242178.097598] warn_alloc+0xd8/0x144
[242178.097603] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x1364/0x1384
[242178.097608] kmalloc_order+0x2c/0x510
[242178.097612] kmalloc_order_trace+0x40/0x16c
[242178.097618] __kmalloc+0x360/0x408
[242178.097624] load_alloc_bitmap+0x160/0x284
[242178.097628] exfat_fill_super+0xa3c/0xe7c
[242178.097635] mount_bdev+0x2e8/0x3a0
[242178.097638] exfat_fs_mount+0x40/0x50
[242178.097643] mount_fs+0x138/0x2e8
[242178.097649] vfs_kern_mount+0x90/0x270
[242178.097655] do_mount+0x798/0x173c
[242178.097659] ksys_mount+0x114/0x1ac
[242178.097665] __arm64_sys_mount+0x24/0x34
[242178.097671] el0_svc_common+0xb8/0x1b8
[242178.097676] el0_svc_handler+0x74/0x90
[242178.097681] el0_svc+0x8/0x340

By analyzing the exfat code,we found that continuous physical memory
is not required here,so kvmalloc_array is used can solve this problem.

No CVSS v4.0

Attack Vector Local

Attack Complexity Low

Privileges Required Low

Scope Unchanged

Confidentiality Impact None

Integrity Impact None

Availability Impact High

User Interaction None

No CVSS v3.0

No CVSS v2

This CVE is not in the KEV list.

The EPSS score is 0.00026.

Key SSVC decision points have not yet been added.

Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).

Vendor Product Default status Versions
Linux Linux unaffected
Version Status Constraints
1e49a94cf707204b66a3fb242f2814712c941f52 affected < 79d16a84ea41272dfcb0c00f9798ddd0edd8098d
1e49a94cf707204b66a3fb242f2814712c941f52 affected < 8a34a242cf03211cc89f68308d149b793f63c479
1e49a94cf707204b66a3fb242f2814712c941f52 affected < 1427a7e96fb90d0896f74f5bcd21feb03cc7c3d0
1e49a94cf707204b66a3fb242f2814712c941f52 affected < 0c5c3e8a2550b6b2a304b45f260296db9c09df96
1e49a94cf707204b66a3fb242f2814712c941f52 affected < daf60d6cca26e50d65dac374db92e58de745ad26
Linux Linux affected
Version Status Constraints
5.7 affected —
0 unaffected < 5.7
5.10.190 unaffected ≤ 5.10.*
5.15.126 unaffected ≤ 5.15.*
6.1.45 unaffected ≤ 6.1.*
6.4.10 unaffected ≤ 6.4.*
6.5 unaffected ≤ *

No data.

No data.

No data.

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Fixes

Solution

No solution given by the vendor.

Workaround

No workaround given by the vendor.

References
Link Providers
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c5c3e8a2550b6b2a304b45f260296db9c09df96 cve-icon cve-icon
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1427a7e96fb90d0896f74f5bcd21feb03cc7c3d0 cve-icon cve-icon
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79d16a84ea41272dfcb0c00f9798ddd0edd8098d cve-icon cve-icon
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a34a242cf03211cc89f68308d149b793f63c479 cve-icon cve-icon
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/daf60d6cca26e50d65dac374db92e58de745ad26 cve-icon cve-icon
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025123028-CVE-2023-54194-a396@gregkh/T cve-icon
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54194 cve-icon
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54194 cve-icon
History

Wed, 31 Dec 2025 12:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References
Metrics threat_severity

None

 cvssV3_1

{'score': 5.5, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H'}

threat_severity

Low

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 12:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: exfat: use kvmalloc_array/kvfree instead of kmalloc_array/kfree The call stack shown below is a scenario in the Linux 4.19 kernel. Allocating memory failed where exfat fs use kmalloc_array due to system memory fragmentation, while the u-disk was inserted without recognition. Devices such as u-disk using the exfat file system are pluggable and may be insert into the system at any time. However, long-term running systems cannot guarantee the continuity of physical memory. Therefore, it's necessary to address this issue. Binder:2632_6: page allocation failure: order:4, mode:0x6040c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_COMP), nodemask=(null) Call trace: [242178.097582] dump_backtrace+0x0/0x4 [242178.097589] dump_stack+0xf4/0x134 [242178.097598] warn_alloc+0xd8/0x144 [242178.097603] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x1364/0x1384 [242178.097608] kmalloc_order+0x2c/0x510 [242178.097612] kmalloc_order_trace+0x40/0x16c [242178.097618] __kmalloc+0x360/0x408 [242178.097624] load_alloc_bitmap+0x160/0x284 [242178.097628] exfat_fill_super+0xa3c/0xe7c [242178.097635] mount_bdev+0x2e8/0x3a0 [242178.097638] exfat_fs_mount+0x40/0x50 [242178.097643] mount_fs+0x138/0x2e8 [242178.097649] vfs_kern_mount+0x90/0x270 [242178.097655] do_mount+0x798/0x173c [242178.097659] ksys_mount+0x114/0x1ac [242178.097665] __arm64_sys_mount+0x24/0x34 [242178.097671] el0_svc_common+0xb8/0x1b8 [242178.097676] el0_svc_handler+0x74/0x90 [242178.097681] el0_svc+0x8/0x340 By analyzing the exfat code,we found that continuous physical memory is not required here,so kvmalloc_array is used can solve this problem.
Title exfat: use kvmalloc_array/kvfree instead of kmalloc_array/kfree
First Time appeared Linux
Linux linux Kernel
CPEs cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendors & Products Linux
Linux linux Kernel
References

Projects

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cve-icon MITRE

Status: PUBLISHED

Assigner: Linux

Published:

Updated: 2026-01-05T10:51:25.173Z

Reserved: 2025-12-30T12:06:44.498Z

Link: CVE-2023-54194

cve-icon Vulnrichment

No data.

cve-icon NVD

Status : Awaiting Analysis

Published: 2025-12-30T13:16:07.437

Modified: 2025-12-31T20:43:05.160

Link: CVE-2023-54194

cve-icon Redhat

Severity : Low

Publid Date: 2025-12-30T00:00:00Z

Links: CVE-2023-54194 - Bugzilla

cve-icon OpenCVE Enrichment

No data.

Weaknesses

No weakness.