{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-43420", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-05-01T14:12:56.008Z", "datePublished": "2026-05-08T14:21:55.717Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T14:21:55.717Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T14:21:55.717Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nceph: fix i_nlink underrun during async unlink\n\nDuring async unlink, we drop the `i_nlink` counter before we receive\nthe completion (that will eventually update the `i_nlink`) because \"we\nassume that the unlink will succeed\". That is not a bad idea, but it\nraces against deletions by other clients (or against the completion of\nour own unlink) and can lead to an underrun which emits a WARNING like\nthis one:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 85 PID: 25093 at fs/inode.c:407 drop_nlink+0x50/0x68\n Modules linked in:\n CPU: 85 UID: 3221252029 PID: 25093 Comm: php-cgi8.1 Not tainted 6.14.11-cm4all1-ampere #655\n Hardware name: Supermicro ARS-110M-NR/R12SPD-A, BIOS 1.1b 10/17/2023\n pstate: 60400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n pc : drop_nlink+0x50/0x68\n lr : ceph_unlink+0x6c4/0x720\n sp : ffff80012173bc90\n x29: ffff80012173bc90 x28: ffff086d0a45aaf8 x27: ffff0871d0eb5680\n x26: ffff087f2a64a718 x25: 0000020000000180 x24: 0000000061c88647\n x23: 0000000000000002 x22: ffff07ff9236d800 x21: 0000000000001203\n x20: ffff07ff9237b000 x19: ffff088b8296afc0 x18: 00000000f3c93365\n x17: 0000000000070000 x16: ffff08faffcbdfe8 x15: ffff08faffcbdfec\n x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 45445f65645f3037 x12: 34385f6369706f74\n x11: 0000a2653104bb20 x10: ffffd85f26d73290 x9 : ffffd85f25664f94\n x8 : 00000000000000c0 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000002\n x5 : 0000000000000081 x4 : 0000000000000481 x3 : 0000000000000000\n x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff08727d3f91e8\n Call trace:\n drop_nlink+0x50/0x68 (P)\n vfs_unlink+0xb0/0x2e8\n do_unlinkat+0x204/0x288\n __arm64_sys_unlinkat+0x3c/0x80\n invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x54/0xe8\n do_el0_svc+0xa4/0xc8\n el0_svc+0x18/0x58\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x104/0x130\n el0t_64_sync+0x154/0x158\n\nIn ceph_unlink(), a call to ceph_mdsc_submit_request() submits the\nCEPH_MDS_OP_UNLINK to the MDS, but does not wait for completion.\n\nMeanwhile, between this call and the following drop_nlink() call, a\nworker thread may process a CEPH_CAP_OP_IMPORT, CEPH_CAP_OP_GRANT or\njust a CEPH_MSG_CLIENT_REPLY (the latter of which could be our own\ncompletion). These will lead to a set_nlink() call, updating the\n`i_nlink` counter to the value received from the MDS. If that new\n`i_nlink` value happens to be zero, it is illegal to decrement it\nfurther. But that is exactly what ceph_unlink() will do then.\n\nThe WARNING can be reproduced this way:\n\n1. Force async unlink; only the async code path is affected. Having\n no real clue about Ceph internals, I was unable to find out why the\n MDS wouldn't give me the \"Fxr\" capabilities, so I patched\n get_caps_for_async_unlink() to always succeed.\n\n (Note that the WARNING dump above was found on an unpatched kernel,\n without this kludge - this is not a theoretical bug.)\n\n2. Add a sleep call after ceph_mdsc_submit_request() so the unlink\n completion gets handled by a worker thread before drop_nlink() is\n called. This guarantees that the `i_nlink` is already zero before\n drop_nlink() runs.\n\nThe solution is to skip the counter decrement when it is already zero,\nbut doing so without a lock is still racy (TOCTOU). Since\nceph_fill_inode() and handle_cap_grant() both hold the\n`ceph_inode_info.i_ceph_lock` spinlock while set_nlink() runs, this\nseems like the proper lock to protect the `i_nlink` updates.\n\nI found prior art in NFS and SMB (using `inode.i_lock`) and AFS (using\n`afs_vnode.cb_lock`). All three have the zero check as well."}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/ceph/dir.c"], "versions": [{"version": "2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f", "lessThan": "9b31e88ac5623d15c8bc46f69dfe1d3b43a8f67c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f", "lessThan": "6d5fd8bb574bef039eb3b738e523870433a2aeb9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f", "lessThan": "fcc477a6e8856c8a42b3c9e171724d8d6dfadd06", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f", "lessThan": "b3f5513141ecc6b277a8f7b7efe58a0cf9a5e859", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f", "lessThan": "aedd29386b23f3e1e6818943e11abfff2953732f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f", "lessThan": "7db008e85a5d17b64bc5390b828bf457ae91a415", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f", "lessThan": "8975b85b0d45ca811ace6fac5907652f2310e5ac", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f", "lessThan": "ce0123cbb4a40a2f1bbb815f292b26e96088639f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/ceph/dir.c"], "versions": [{"version": "5.7", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "5.7", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.10.253", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.203", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.167", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.130", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.78", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.19", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19.9", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.253"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.203"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.167"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.130"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.78"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.19"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.9"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9b31e88ac5623d15c8bc46f69dfe1d3b43a8f67c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d5fd8bb574bef039eb3b738e523870433a2aeb9"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fcc477a6e8856c8a42b3c9e171724d8d6dfadd06"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3f5513141ecc6b277a8f7b7efe58a0cf9a5e859"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aedd29386b23f3e1e6818943e11abfff2953732f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7db008e85a5d17b64bc5390b828bf457ae91a415"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8975b85b0d45ca811ace6fac5907652f2310e5ac"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce0123cbb4a40a2f1bbb815f292b26e96088639f"}], "title": "ceph: fix i_nlink underrun during async unlink", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nceph: fix i_nlink underrun during async unlink\n\nDuring async unlink, we drop the `i_nlink` counter before we receive\nthe completion (that will eventually update the `i_nlink`) because \"we\nassume that the unlink will succeed\". That is not a bad idea, but it\nraces against deletions by other clients (or against the completion of\nour own unlink) and can lead to an underrun which emits a WARNING like\nthis one:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 85 PID: 25093 at fs/inode.c:407 drop_nlink+0x50/0x68\n Modules linked in:\n CPU: 85 UID: 3221252029 PID: 25093 Comm: php-cgi8.1 Not tainted 6.14.11-cm4all1-ampere #655\n Hardware name: Supermicro ARS-110M-NR/R12SPD-A, BIOS 1.1b 10/17/2023\n pstate: 60400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n pc : drop_nlink+0x50/0x68\n lr : ceph_unlink+0x6c4/0x720\n sp : ffff80012173bc90\n x29: ffff80012173bc90 x28: ffff086d0a45aaf8 x27: ffff0871d0eb5680\n x26: ffff087f2a64a718 x25: 0000020000000180 x24: 0000000061c88647\n x23: 0000000000000002 x22: ffff07ff9236d800 x21: 0000000000001203\n x20: ffff07ff9237b000 x19: ffff088b8296afc0 x18: 00000000f3c93365\n x17: 0000000000070000 x16: ffff08faffcbdfe8 x15: ffff08faffcbdfec\n x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 45445f65645f3037 x12: 34385f6369706f74\n x11: 0000a2653104bb20 x10: ffffd85f26d73290 x9 : ffffd85f25664f94\n x8 : 00000000000000c0 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000002\n x5 : 0000000000000081 x4 : 0000000000000481 x3 : 0000000000000000\n x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff08727d3f91e8\n Call trace:\n drop_nlink+0x50/0x68 (P)\n vfs_unlink+0xb0/0x2e8\n do_unlinkat+0x204/0x288\n __arm64_sys_unlinkat+0x3c/0x80\n invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x54/0xe8\n do_el0_svc+0xa4/0xc8\n el0_svc+0x18/0x58\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x104/0x130\n el0t_64_sync+0x154/0x158\n\nIn ceph_unlink(), a call to ceph_mdsc_submit_request() submits the\nCEPH_MDS_OP_UNLINK to the MDS, but does not wait for completion.\n\nMeanwhile, between this call and the following drop_nlink() call, a\nworker thread may process a CEPH_CAP_OP_IMPORT, CEPH_CAP_OP_GRANT or\njust a CEPH_MSG_CLIENT_REPLY (the latter of which could be our own\ncompletion). These will lead to a set_nlink() call, updating the\n`i_nlink` counter to the value received from the MDS. If that new\n`i_nlink` value happens to be zero, it is illegal to decrement it\nfurther. But that is exactly what ceph_unlink() will do then.\n\nThe WARNING can be reproduced this way:\n\n1. Force async unlink; only the async code path is affected. Having\n no real clue about Ceph internals, I was unable to find out why the\n MDS wouldn't give me the \"Fxr\" capabilities, so I patched\n get_caps_for_async_unlink() to always succeed.\n\n (Note that the WARNING dump above was found on an unpatched kernel,\n without this kludge - this is not a theoretical bug.)\n\n2. Add a sleep call after ceph_mdsc_submit_request() so the unlink\n completion gets handled by a worker thread before drop_nlink() is\n called. This guarantees that the `i_nlink` is already zero before\n drop_nlink() runs.\n\nThe solution is to skip the counter decrement when it is already zero,\nbut doing so without a lock is still racy (TOCTOU). Since\nceph_fill_inode() and handle_cap_grant() both hold the\n`ceph_inode_info.i_ceph_lock` spinlock while set_nlink() runs, this\nseems like the proper lock to protect the `i_nlink` updates.\n\nI found prior art in NFS and SMB (using `inode.i_lock`) and AFS (using\n`afs_vnode.cb_lock`). All three have the zero check as well."}], "id": "CVE-2026-43420", "lastModified": "2026-05-08T15:16:54.023", "metrics": {}, "published": "2026-05-08T15:16:54.023", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d5fd8bb574bef039eb3b738e523870433a2aeb9"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7db008e85a5d17b64bc5390b828bf457ae91a415"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8975b85b0d45ca811ace6fac5907652f2310e5ac"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9b31e88ac5623d15c8bc46f69dfe1d3b43a8f67c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aedd29386b23f3e1e6818943e11abfff2953732f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3f5513141ecc6b277a8f7b7efe58a0cf9a5e859"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce0123cbb4a40a2f1bbb815f292b26e96088639f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fcc477a6e8856c8a42b3c9e171724d8d6dfadd06"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

{}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f,9b31e88ac5623d15c8bc46f69dfe1d3b43a8f67c)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f,6d5fd8bb574bef039eb3b738e523870433a2aeb9)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f,fcc477a6e8856c8a42b3c9e171724d8d6dfadd06)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f,b3f5513141ecc6b277a8f7b7efe58a0cf9a5e859)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f,aedd29386b23f3e1e6818943e11abfff2953732f)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f,7db008e85a5d17b64bc5390b828bf457ae91a415)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f,8975b85b0d45ca811ace6fac5907652f2310e5ac)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2ccb45462aeaf0831397b90d31d3d50a7704fa1f,ce0123cbb4a40a2f1bbb815f292b26e96088639f)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "5.7"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,5.7)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[5.10.253,5.10.*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[5.15.203,5.15.*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[6.1.167,6.1.*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[6.6.130,6.6.*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[6.12.78,6.12.*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[6.18.19,6.18.*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[6.19.9,6.19.*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.0,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-05-08T18:45:13.924075+00:00", "updated": "2026-05-08T19:15:14.830272+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"], "weaknesses": ["CWE-362"]}