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Search Results (17728 CVEs found)
| CVE | Vendors | Products | Updated | CVSS v3.1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2023-53759 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 7.0 High |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: hidraw: fix data race on device refcount The hidraw_open() function increments the hidraw device reference counter. The counter has no dedicated synchronization mechanism, resulting in a potential data race when concurrently opening a device. The race is a regression introduced by commit 8590222e4b02 ("HID: hidraw: Replace hidraw device table mutex with a rwsem"). While minors_rwsem is intended to protect the hidraw_table itself, by instead acquiring the lock for writing, the reference counter is also protected. This is symmetrical to hidraw_release(). | ||||
| CVE-2023-53722 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 7.0 High |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md: raid1: fix potential OOB in raid1_remove_disk() If rddev->raid_disk is greater than mddev->raid_disks, there will be an out-of-bounds in raid1_remove_disk(). We have already found similar reports as follows: 1) commit d17f744e883b ("md-raid10: fix KASAN warning") 2) commit 1ebc2cec0b7d ("dm raid: fix KASAN warning in raid5_remove_disk") Fix this bug by checking whether the "number" variable is valid. | ||||
| CVE-2023-53719 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 5.5 Medium |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: serial: arc_uart: fix of_iomap leak in `arc_serial_probe` Smatch reports: drivers/tty/serial/arc_uart.c:631 arc_serial_probe() warn: 'port->membase' from of_iomap() not released on lines: 631. In arc_serial_probe(), if uart_add_one_port() fails, port->membase is not released, which would cause a resource leak. To fix this, I replace of_iomap with devm_platform_ioremap_resource. | ||||
| CVE-2021-47744 | 2 Cypress, Linux | 3 Ctm-200, Ctm-one, Linux | 2026-04-15 | 7.5 High |
| Cypress Solutions CTM-200/CTM-ONE 1.3.6 contains hard-coded credentials vulnerability in Linux distribution that exposes root access. Attackers can exploit the static 'Chameleon' password to gain remote root access via Telnet or SSH on affected devices. | ||||
| CVE-2023-53718 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 5.5 Medium |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ring-buffer: Do not swap cpu_buffer during resize process When ring_buffer_swap_cpu was called during resize process, the cpu buffer was swapped in the middle, resulting in incorrect state. Continuing to run in the wrong state will result in oops. This issue can be easily reproduced using the following two scripts: /tmp # cat test1.sh //#! /bin/sh for i in `seq 0 100000` do echo 2000 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/buffer_size_kb sleep 0.5 echo 5000 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/buffer_size_kb sleep 0.5 done /tmp # cat test2.sh //#! /bin/sh for i in `seq 0 100000` do echo irqsoff > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer sleep 1 echo nop > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer sleep 1 done /tmp # ./test1.sh & /tmp # ./test2.sh & A typical oops log is as follows, sometimes with other different oops logs. [ 231.711293] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 9 at kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c:2026 rb_update_pages+0x378/0x3f8 [ 231.713375] Modules linked in: [ 231.714735] CPU: 0 PID: 9 Comm: kworker/0:1 Tainted: G W 6.5.0-rc1-00276-g20edcec23f92 #15 [ 231.716750] Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) [ 231.718152] Workqueue: events update_pages_handler [ 231.719714] pstate: 60000005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) [ 231.721171] pc : rb_update_pages+0x378/0x3f8 [ 231.722212] lr : rb_update_pages+0x25c/0x3f8 [ 231.723248] sp : ffff800082b9bd50 [ 231.724169] x29: ffff800082b9bd50 x28: ffff8000825f7000 x27: 0000000000000000 [ 231.726102] x26: 0000000000000001 x25: fffffffffffff010 x24: 0000000000000ff0 [ 231.728122] x23: ffff0000c3a0b600 x22: ffff0000c3a0b5c0 x21: fffffffffffffe0a [ 231.730203] x20: ffff0000c3a0b600 x19: ffff0000c0102400 x18: 0000000000000000 [ 231.732329] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000ffffe7aa8510 [ 231.734212] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000002 [ 231.736291] x11: ffff8000826998a8 x10: ffff800082b9baf0 x9 : ffff800081137558 [ 231.738195] x8 : fffffc00030e82c8 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000001 [ 231.740192] x5 : ffff0000ffbafe00 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000 [ 231.742118] x2 : 00000000000006aa x1 : 0000000000000001 x0 : ffff0000c0007208 [ 231.744196] Call trace: [ 231.744892] rb_update_pages+0x378/0x3f8 [ 231.745893] update_pages_handler+0x1c/0x38 [ 231.746893] process_one_work+0x1f0/0x468 [ 231.747852] worker_thread+0x54/0x410 [ 231.748737] kthread+0x124/0x138 [ 231.749549] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 [ 231.750434] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- [ 233.720486] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000000 [ 233.721696] Mem abort info: [ 233.721935] ESR = 0x0000000096000004 [ 233.722283] EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits [ 233.722596] SET = 0, FnV = 0 [ 233.722805] EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 [ 233.723026] FSC = 0x04: level 0 translation fault [ 233.723458] Data abort info: [ 233.723734] ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004, ISS2 = 0x00000000 [ 233.724176] CM = 0, WnR = 0, TnD = 0, TagAccess = 0 [ 233.724589] GCS = 0, Overlay = 0, DirtyBit = 0, Xs = 0 [ 233.725075] user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000104943000 [ 233.725592] [0000000000000000] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000 [ 233.726231] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP [ 233.726720] Modules linked in: [ 233.727007] CPU: 0 PID: 9 Comm: kworker/0:1 Tainted: G W 6.5.0-rc1-00276-g20edcec23f92 #15 [ 233.727777] Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) [ 233.728225] Workqueue: events update_pages_handler [ 233.728655] pstate: 200000c5 (nzCv daIF -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) [ 233.729054] pc : rb_update_pages+0x1a8/0x3f8 [ 233.729334] lr : rb_update_pages+0x154/0x3f8 [ 233.729592] sp : ffff800082b9bd50 [ 233.729792] x29: ffff800082b9bd50 x28: ffff8000825f7000 x27: 00000000 ---truncated--- | ||||
| CVE-2023-53717 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 7.0 High |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: ath9k: Fix potential stack-out-of-bounds write in ath9k_wmi_rsp_callback() Fix a stack-out-of-bounds write that occurs in a WMI response callback function that is called after a timeout occurs in ath9k_wmi_cmd(). The callback writes to wmi->cmd_rsp_buf, a stack-allocated buffer that could no longer be valid when a timeout occurs. Set wmi->last_seq_id to 0 when a timeout occurred. Found by a modified version of syzkaller. BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in ath9k_wmi_ctrl_rx Write of size 4 Call Trace: memcpy ath9k_wmi_ctrl_rx ath9k_htc_rx_msg ath9k_hif_usb_reg_in_cb __usb_hcd_giveback_urb usb_hcd_giveback_urb dummy_timer call_timer_fn run_timer_softirq __do_softirq irq_exit_rcu sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt | ||||
| CVE-2023-54173 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 5.5 Medium |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Disable preemption in bpf_event_output We received report [1] of kernel crash, which is caused by using nesting protection without disabled preemption. The bpf_event_output can be called by programs executed by bpf_prog_run_array_cg function that disabled migration but keeps preemption enabled. This can cause task to be preempted by another one inside the nesting protection and lead eventually to two tasks using same perf_sample_data buffer and cause crashes like: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000001 #PF: supervisor instruction fetch in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0010) - not-present page ... ? perf_output_sample+0x12a/0x9a0 ? finish_task_switch.isra.0+0x81/0x280 ? perf_event_output+0x66/0xa0 ? bpf_event_output+0x13a/0x190 ? bpf_event_output_data+0x22/0x40 ? bpf_prog_dfc84bbde731b257_cil_sock4_connect+0x40a/0xacb ? xa_load+0x87/0xe0 ? __cgroup_bpf_run_filter_sock_addr+0xc1/0x1a0 ? release_sock+0x3e/0x90 ? sk_setsockopt+0x1a1/0x12f0 ? udp_pre_connect+0x36/0x50 ? inet_dgram_connect+0x93/0xa0 ? __sys_connect+0xb4/0xe0 ? udp_setsockopt+0x27/0x40 ? __pfx_udp_push_pending_frames+0x10/0x10 ? __sys_setsockopt+0xdf/0x1a0 ? __x64_sys_connect+0xf/0x20 ? do_syscall_64+0x3a/0x90 ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc Fixing this by disabling preemption in bpf_event_output. [1] https://github.com/cilium/cilium/issues/26756 | ||||
| CVE-2023-53713 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 7.0 High |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arm64: sme: Use STR P to clear FFR context field in streaming SVE mode The FFR is a predicate register which can vary between 16 and 256 bits in size depending upon the configured vector length. When saving the SVE state in streaming SVE mode, the FFR register is inaccessible and so commit 9f5848665788 ("arm64/sve: Make access to FFR optional") simply clears the FFR field of the in-memory context structure. Unfortunately, it achieves this using an unconditional 8-byte store and so if the SME vector length is anything other than 64 bytes in size we will either fail to clear the entire field or, worse, we will corrupt memory immediately following the structure. This has led to intermittent kfence splats in CI [1] and can trigger kmalloc Redzone corruption messages when running the 'fp-stress' kselftest: | ============================================================================= | BUG kmalloc-1k (Not tainted): kmalloc Redzone overwritten | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 0xffff000809bf1e22-0xffff000809bf1e27 @offset=7714. First byte 0x0 instead of 0xcc | Allocated in do_sme_acc+0x9c/0x220 age=2613 cpu=1 pid=531 | __kmalloc+0x8c/0xcc | do_sme_acc+0x9c/0x220 | ... Replace the 8-byte store with a store of a predicate register which has been zero-initialised with PFALSE, ensuring that the entire field is cleared in memory. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/CA+G9fYtU7HsV0R0dp4XEH5xXHSJFw8KyDf5VQrLLfMxWfxQkag@mail.gmail.com | ||||
| CVE-2023-53715 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 7.0 High |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: brcmfmac: cfg80211: Pass the PMK in binary instead of hex Apparently the hex passphrase mechanism does not work on newer chips/firmware (e.g. BCM4387). It seems there was a simple way of passing it in binary all along, so use that and avoid the hexification. OpenBSD has been doing it like this from the beginning, so this should work on all chips. Also clear the structure before setting the PMK. This was leaking uninitialized stack contents to the device. | ||||
| CVE-2023-53712 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 5.5 Medium |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ARM: 9317/1: kexec: Make smp stop calls asynchronous If a panic is triggered by a hrtimer interrupt all online cpus will be notified and set offline. But as highlighted by commit 19dbdcb8039c ("smp: Warn on function calls from softirq context") this call should not be made synchronous with disabled interrupts: softdog: Initiating panic Kernel panic - not syncing: Software Watchdog Timer expired WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 0 at kernel/smp.c:753 smp_call_function_many_cond unwind_backtrace: show_stack dump_stack_lvl __warn warn_slowpath_fmt smp_call_function_many_cond smp_call_function crash_smp_send_stop.part.0 machine_crash_shutdown __crash_kexec panic softdog_fire __hrtimer_run_queues hrtimer_interrupt Make the smp call for machine_crash_nonpanic_core() asynchronous. | ||||
| CVE-2023-54086 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 5.5 Medium |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Add preempt_count_{sub,add} into btf id deny list The recursion check in __bpf_prog_enter* and __bpf_prog_exit* leave preempt_count_{sub,add} unprotected. When attaching trampoline to them we get panic as follows, [ 867.843050] BUG: TASK stack guard page was hit at 0000000009d325cf (stack is 0000000046a46a15..00000000537e7b28) [ 867.843064] stack guard page: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI [ 867.843067] CPU: 8 PID: 11009 Comm: trace Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.2.0+ #4 [ 867.843100] Call Trace: [ 867.843101] <TASK> [ 867.843104] asm_exc_int3+0x3a/0x40 [ 867.843108] RIP: 0010:preempt_count_sub+0x1/0xa0 [ 867.843135] __bpf_prog_enter_recur+0x17/0x90 [ 867.843148] bpf_trampoline_6442468108_0+0x2e/0x1000 [ 867.843154] ? preempt_count_sub+0x1/0xa0 [ 867.843157] preempt_count_sub+0x5/0xa0 [ 867.843159] ? migrate_enable+0xac/0xf0 [ 867.843164] __bpf_prog_exit_recur+0x2d/0x40 [ 867.843168] bpf_trampoline_6442468108_0+0x55/0x1000 ... [ 867.843788] preempt_count_sub+0x5/0xa0 [ 867.843793] ? migrate_enable+0xac/0xf0 [ 867.843829] __bpf_prog_exit_recur+0x2d/0x40 [ 867.843837] BUG: IRQ stack guard page was hit at 0000000099bd8228 (stack is 00000000b23e2bc4..000000006d95af35) [ 867.843841] BUG: IRQ stack guard page was hit at 000000005ae07924 (stack is 00000000ffd69623..0000000014eb594c) [ 867.843843] BUG: IRQ stack guard page was hit at 00000000028320f0 (stack is 00000000034b6438..0000000078d1bcec) [ 867.843842] bpf_trampoline_6442468108_0+0x55/0x1000 ... That is because in __bpf_prog_exit_recur, the preempt_count_{sub,add} are called after prog->active is decreased. Fixing this by adding these two functions into btf ids deny list. | ||||
| CVE-2023-53700 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 5.5 Medium |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: max9286: Fix memleak in max9286_v4l2_register() There is a kmemleak when testing the media/i2c/max9286.c with bpf mock device: kmemleak: 5 new suspected memory leaks (see /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak) unreferenced object 0xffff88810defc400 (size 256): comm "python3", pid 278, jiffies 4294737563 (age 31.978s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 28 06 a7 0a 81 88 ff ff 00 fe 22 12 81 88 ff ff (........."..... 10 c4 ef 0d 81 88 ff ff 10 c4 ef 0d 81 88 ff ff ................ backtrace: [<00000000191de6a7>] __kmalloc_node+0x44/0x1b0 [<000000002f4912b7>] kvmalloc_node+0x34/0x180 [<0000000057dc4cae>] v4l2_ctrl_new+0x325/0x10f0 [videodev] [<0000000026030272>] v4l2_ctrl_new_std+0x16f/0x210 [videodev] [<00000000f0d9ea2f>] max9286_probe+0x76e/0xbff [max9286] [<00000000ea8f6455>] i2c_device_probe+0x28d/0x680 [<0000000087529af3>] really_probe+0x17c/0x3f0 [<00000000b08be526>] __driver_probe_device+0xe3/0x170 [<000000004382edea>] driver_probe_device+0x49/0x120 [<000000007bde528a>] __device_attach_driver+0xf7/0x150 [<000000009f9c6ab4>] bus_for_each_drv+0x114/0x180 [<00000000c8aaf588>] __device_attach+0x1e5/0x2d0 [<0000000041cc06b9>] bus_probe_device+0x126/0x140 [<000000002309860d>] device_add+0x810/0x1130 [<000000002827bf98>] i2c_new_client_device+0x359/0x4f0 [<00000000593bdc85>] of_i2c_register_device+0xf1/0x110 max9286_v4l2_register() calls v4l2_ctrl_new_std(), but won't free the created v412_ctrl when fwnode_graph_get_endpoint_by_id() failed, which causes the memleak. Call v4l2_ctrl_handler_free() to free the v412_ctrl. | ||||
| CVE-2023-53710 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 7.0 High |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: mt7921: fix error code of return in mt7921_acpi_read Kernel NULL pointer dereference when ACPI SAR table isn't implemented well. Fix the error code of return to mark the ACPI SAR table as invalid. [ 5.077128] mt7921e 0000:06:00.0: sar cnt = 0 [ 5.077381] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000004 [ 5.077630] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode [ 5.077883] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page [ 5.078138] PGD 0 P4D 0 [ 5.078398] Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI [ 5.079202] RIP: 0010:mt7921_init_acpi_sar+0x106/0x220 [mt7921_common] ... [ 5.080786] Call Trace: [ 5.080786] <TASK> [ 5.080786] mt7921_register_device+0x37d/0x490 [mt7921_common] [ 5.080786] mt7921_pci_probe.part.0+0x2ee/0x310 [mt7921e] [ 5.080786] mt7921_pci_probe+0x52/0x70 [mt7921e] [ 5.080786] local_pci_probe+0x47/0x90 [ 5.080786] pci_call_probe+0x55/0x190 [ 5.080786] pci_device_probe+0x84/0x120 | ||||
| CVE-2023-53711 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 5.5 Medium |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFS: Fix a potential data corruption We must ensure that the subrequests are joined back into the head before we can retransmit a request. If the head was not on the commit lists, because the server wrote it synchronously, we still need to add it back to the retransmission list. Add a call that mirrors the effect of nfs_cancel_remove_inode() for O_DIRECT. | ||||
| CVE-2023-54077 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | N/A |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/ntfs3: Fix memory leak if ntfs_read_mft failed Label ATTR_ROOT in ntfs_read_mft() sets is_root = true and ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_DIR, then next attr will goto label ATTR_ALLOC and alloc ni->dir.alloc_run. However two states are not always consistent and can make memory leak. 1) attr_name in ATTR_ROOT does not fit the condition it will set is_root = true but NI_FLAG_DIR is not set. 2) next attr_name in ATTR_ALLOC fits the condition and alloc ni->dir.alloc_run 3) in cleanup function ni_clear(), when NI_FLAG_DIR is set, it frees ni->dir.alloc_run, otherwise it frees ni->file.run 4) because NI_FLAG_DIR is not set in this case, ni->dir.alloc_run is leaked as kmemleak reported: unreferenced object 0xffff888003bc5480 (size 64): backtrace: [<000000003d42e6b0>] __kmalloc_node+0x4e/0x1c0 [<00000000d8e19b8a>] kvmalloc_node+0x39/0x1f0 [<00000000fc3eb5b8>] run_add_entry+0x18a/0xa40 [ntfs3] [<0000000011c9f978>] run_unpack+0x75d/0x8e0 [ntfs3] [<00000000e7cf1819>] run_unpack_ex+0xbc/0x500 [ntfs3] [<00000000bbf0a43d>] ntfs_iget5+0xb25/0x2dd0 [ntfs3] [<00000000a6e50693>] ntfs_fill_super+0x218d/0x3580 [ntfs3] [<00000000b9170608>] get_tree_bdev+0x3fb/0x710 [<000000004833798a>] vfs_get_tree+0x8e/0x280 [<000000006e20b8e6>] path_mount+0xf3c/0x1930 [<000000007bf15a5f>] do_mount+0xf3/0x110 ... Fix this by always setting is_root and NI_FLAG_DIR together. | ||||
| CVE-2023-54078 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | N/A |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: max9286: Free control handler The control handler is leaked in some probe-time error paths, as well as in the remove path. Fix it. | ||||
| CVE-2023-53695 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 7.0 High |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: udf: Detect system inodes linked into directory hierarchy When UDF filesystem is corrupted, hidden system inodes can be linked into directory hierarchy which is an avenue for further serious corruption of the filesystem and kernel confusion as noticed by syzbot fuzzed images. Refuse to access system inodes linked into directory hierarchy and vice versa. | ||||
| CVE-2023-54081 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 5.5 Medium |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xen: speed up grant-table reclaim When a grant entry is still in use by the remote domain, Linux must put it on a deferred list. Normally, this list is very short, because the PV network and block protocols expect the backend to unmap the grant first. However, Qubes OS's GUI protocol is subject to the constraints of the X Window System, and as such winds up with the frontend unmapping the window first. As a result, the list can grow very large, resulting in a massive memory leak and eventual VM freeze. To partially solve this problem, make the number of entries that the VM will attempt to free at each iteration tunable. The default is still 10, but it can be overridden via a module parameter. This is Cc: stable because (when combined with appropriate userspace changes) it fixes a severe performance and stability problem for Qubes OS users. | ||||
| CVE-2023-54085 | 1 Linux | 1 Linux Kernel | 2026-04-15 | 7.0 High |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mptcp: fix NULL pointer dereference on fastopen early fallback In case of early fallback to TCP, subflow_syn_recv_sock() deletes the subflow context before returning the newly allocated sock to the caller. The fastopen path does not cope with the above unconditionally dereferencing the subflow context. | ||||
| CVE-2018-25117 | 2 Linux, Vestacp | 2 Linux, Control Panel | 2026-04-15 | N/A |
| VestaCP commit a3f0fa1 (2018-05-31) up to commit ee03eff (2018-06-13) contain embedded malicious code that resulted in a supply-chain compromise. New installations created from the compromised installer since at least May 2018 were subject to installation of Linux/ChachaDDoS, a multi-stage DDoS bot that uses Lua for second- and third-stage components. The compromise leaked administrative credentials (base64-encoded admin password and server domain) to an external URL during installation and/or resulted in the installer dropping and executing a DDoS malware payload under local system privileges. Compromised servers were subsequently observed participating in large-scale DDoS activity. Vesta acknowledged exploitation in the wild in October 2018. | ||||